\[u=\frac{1-p}{1+2 a}\]
\[\text { Maximum channel utilization }=\frac{\text {Time to transmit a frame}}{\text {Round trip time }(R)} \times \frac{d}{d+h}=\frac{d}{b \times R}\]
\[\text { Maximum channel utilization }=\frac{\text {Time to transmit a frame}}{\text {Round trip time }(R)} \times \frac{d}{d+h}=\frac{d}{b \times R}\]